Natural gas processing is the process of removing water vapor, hydrogen sulfide, mercaptan, and carbon dioxide from natural gas. The main equipment includes dehydration unit, desulfurization unit, decarbonization unit, and light hydrocarbon recovery unit.
Dehydration
The commonly used processes for natural gas water include low-temperature condensation, solid absorption, liquid absorption, and chemical reagent methods.
Molecular sieve method is a deep dehydration method commonly used in low-temperature condensation separation processes, such as natural gas condensate (NGL) recovery and dehydration processes in the production of liquefied natural gas (LNG). In addition, molecular sieve dehydration is also required for the production of compressed natural gas used as fuel for automobiles.
The TEG dehydration process is suitable for natural gas dehydration with high flow rate and high dew point reduction requirements.
CO2 removal
There are two main methods of CO2 removal from natural gas: solvent absorption method and adsorption method.
The commonly used absorbent for solvent absorption method is MDEA solution, and the system mainly consists of an absorption tower and a regeneration tower.
PSA decarbonization is a type of adsorption method, mainly based on pressure swing adsorption technology, which achieves gas separation and purification by periodically changing pressure conditions.
Desulphurization
There are two main methods of natural gas desulfurization: dry desulfurization and wet desulfurization.
The amine process is applicable when natural gas contains a small amount of H2S and a high CO2/H2S ratio, but the CO2 content is not very high and does not require deep CO2 removal. This approach can effectively remove both H2S and CO2 simultaneously.
Molecular sieve method is commonly used for applications that require high desulfurization accuracy or low flow rates.
The LO-CAT process uses an aqueous solution composed of sulfates, complexed iron, additives (surfactants, defoamers, and fungicides) for desulfurization. The Lo-Cat method is suitable for the treatment of acid gas separated by chemical or physical absorption methods. Due to its wide processing range, high operational flexibility, high selectivity, and environmental friendliness, it has become the preferred technology for small-scale sulfur recovery processes.
Mercaptan removal
Natural gas mercaptan removal generally adopts sulfinol method and hydrodesulfurization process for mercaptan removal.
The sulfinol method has the advantages of low energy consumption, removal of organic sulfur, large processing capacity of the equipment, light corrosion, low foaming, and light solvent deterioration. It is particularly suitable when the partial pressure of acidic gases in the feed gas is high. This method cannot achieve deep desulfurization and is commonly used for crude sulfur removal. It needs to be used in conjunction with other methods.
The hydrodesulfurization mercaptan removal process first converts organic sulfur into inorganic sulfur, and then separates the inorganic sulfur using adsorption method.
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